Morphological Variability and Biochemical Indices of Leaves in Coenopopulations of Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiаceae, Apiales) under Various Levels of Soil Pollution with Heavy Metals
The morphological variability, lipid peroxidation rate (LPR) and photosynthetic pigment content in the leaves of Aegopodium podagraria L. were studied in four coenopopulations growing in urban ecosystems whose soils were contaminated, to varying degrees, with heavy metals (HM): Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr. The increase of the HM level in the soil induced a decrease in the terminal leaflet size, the average number of phens (i.e. various variants of the leaf shape), and the chlorophyll content b in leaves but the percentage of rare phens increased. At the same time, the LPR intensity decreased, which is not typical for stress situations in plants. The level of chlorophyll a and carotenoids reduced at the medium contamination level and normalized at the highest one. The data obtained indicate that the morphological and biochemical parameters of sweeps leaves characterize differently the status of this plant species with an increase in the level of soil contamination with HM. In such conditions, the phenofonds of A. podagraria coenopopulations are depleted and individuals with smaller leaf sizes develop predominantly. But at the same time, their intensity of LPR and the content of individual pigments may remain close to normal. The results of our study suggest that A. podagraria is a species capable of maintaining biochemical homeostasis under the conditions of soil contamination with heavy metals. Thus, in contrast to the studied biochemical indicators, the morphological parameters more accurately characterized the adverse changes in the coenopopulations of goutweed, which is important in the aspect of bioindication of ecosystems under anthropogenic environmental pollution.
Baraboy V. A. Stress: nature, biological role, mechanisms, outcomes. Kiev, Phytosociocenter Publ., 2006. 424 p. (in Russian).
Bezel V. S., Zhuikova T. V., Pozolotina V. N. The structure of dandelion cenopopulations and specific features of heavy metal accumulation. Russian J. Ecology, 1998. vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 331–337.
Volchegorsky I. A., Nalimov A. G. Comparison of different approaches to determination of lipid peroxidation products in heptane-isopropanol extracts of blood. Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khimii, 1989, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 52 – 60 (in Russian).
Vorobeichik E. L., Khantemirova E. V. Reaction of forest phytocenoses to technogenic pollution: dose-effect dependences. Russian J. Ecology, 1994, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 171–180.
Dulya O. V., Mikryukov V. S., Vorobeichik E. L. Strategies of adaptation to heavy metal pollution in Deschampsia caespitosa and Lychnis floscuculi: Analysis based on dose-response relationship. Russian J. Ecology, 2013, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 271–281.
Erofeeva E. A., Naumova M. M. Influence of cadmium sulfate in a wide range of concentra-tions on physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat seedlings. Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod, 2010, no. 2 (2), pp. 508–512 (in Russian).
Erofeeva E. A., Shapovalova K. V. Long-term comparative analysis of the resistance of Betula pendula (Betulaceae, Fagales) and Tilia cordata (Malvaceae, Malvales) to motor transport contamination. Povolzhskiy J. of Ecology, 2015, no. 4, pp. 390–399 (in Russian).
Erofeeva E. A., Sukhov V. S., Naumova M. M. Two-phase dependence of some ecological-morphological and biochemical parameters of birch leaf sheet affected by the level of motor trans-port contamination. Povolzhskiy J. of Ecology, 2009, no. 4, pp. 288–295 (in Russian).
Zhivotovsky L. A. Population Biometry. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1991. 271 p. (in Russian).
Zhuykova T. V., Meling E. V., Kaygorodova S. Y., Bezel V. S., Gordeeva V. A. Specific features of soils and herbaceous plant communities in industrially polluted areas of the Middle Urals. Russian J. Ecology, 2015, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 213–221.
Zlobin Y. A. Principles and Methods for Studying Cenotic Plant Populations. Kazan, Izdatelstvo Kazanskogo universiteta, 1989. 147 p. (in Russian).
Kamyshnikov V. S. Reference Book on Clinical and Biochemical Laboratory Diagnostics. Minsk, Belarus Publ., 2002, vol. 2. 495 p. (in Russian).
Korotchenko I. S. Influence of heavy metals on the content of photosynthetic pigments in carrot leaves. Bulletin of KrasGAU, 2011, iss. 4, pp. 86–91 (in Russian).
Nevidomova E. V. Morphological characteristics of ecological areas to oak forests in the nature protection area of the Nizhny Novgorod megacity “Striginsky Bor”. Modern Phytomorphology, 2014, no. 6, pp. 181–188 (in Russian).
Nevidomova E. V., Nevidomov A. M., Polshkova I. A. Ecology of the goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) in the pine forests of nature monument “Dmitrievskoe” of Krasnobakovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod region. In: Biological Features of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Role in Medicine. Moscow, FGBNU VILAR, 2016, pp. 127–130 (in Russian).
Nevidomova E. V., Nevidomova M. A., Nevidomov A. M., Polshkova I. A., Yurasova G. Sh. Influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecology of Aegopodium podagraria L. in pine forests of the monument of nature “Dmitrievskoe” of Krasnobakovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod region. Problems of Biological, Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2017, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 44–48 (in Russian).
Polesskaya O. G. Plant Cell and Active Oxygen Species. Moscow, Izdatelstvo KDU, 2007. 140 p. (in Russian).
Repkina N. S., Talanova V. V., Titov A. F. Influence of heavy metals on gene expression in plants. Trudy Karelskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN, 2013, no. 3, pp. 31–45 (in Russian).
Savinov A. B. The analysis of phenotypic variation in common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) from biotopes with different levels of technogenic pollution. Russian J. Ecology, 1998, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 318–321.
Savinov A. B. Phenotypic indication of coenopopulations of plants in the conditions of tech-nogenesis. In: Environmental monitoring. Methods of biological and physico-chemical monitoring. Nizhnij Novgorod, Izdatelstvo Nizhegorodskogo universiteta, 2003, vol. 5, pp. 300–323 (in Russian).
Savinov A. B. Kurganova L. N. Shekunov Yu. I. Intensity of lipid peroxidation in Taraxacum officinale Wigg. and Vicia cracca L. in biotopes with different levels of heavy metals pollution in soil. Russian J. Ecology, 2007, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 174–180.
Savinov A. B., Nikitin Yu. D., Tarasova M. P. Features of the plant leaves variability in urban phytocenoses of different composition (information aspect of plants activity). XXIX Lyubischevskie chteniya. Sovremennye problemy evolyucii i ekologii. Ulianovsk, Izdatelstvo Ulianovskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta, 2015, pp. 479–484 (in Russian).
Seregin I. V. Ivanov V. G. Physiological aspects of cadmium and lead toxic effects in higher plants. Russian J. Plant Physiology, 2001, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 606–630.
Smirnova O. V. Goutweed. Biological Flora of the Moscow Region. Moscow, Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1974, iss. 1, pp.131–141 (in Russian).
Sokolova G. G., Kamaltdinova G. T. Morphogenetic polymorphism of leaves the creeping clover. Izvestiya of Altai State University, 2010, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 48–51 (in Russian).
Sokolskaya O. B., Shitova E. Y., Kuznetsova E. A., Zhiltsova O. K. The role of Aegopodium podagraria in historical landscape park ecosystems of the Volga Upland. Aktualnyye Problemy Lesnogo Kompleksa, 2010, no. 25, pp. 126–128 (in Russian).
Stal'naya I. D. Method for determination of diene conjugation of unsaturated acids. In: Sovremennye metody v biokhimii. Moscow, Medicina Publ., 1977, pp. 63–64.
Titov A. F., Talanov V. V., Kaznina N. M., Laidinen G. F. Plants Resistance to heavy metals. Petrozavodsk, Karelian Research Centre RAS, 2007. 172 p. (in Russian).
Shlyk A. A. Determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids in extracts of green leaves. In: Biochemical Methods in Plant Physiology. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1971, pp. 154–170 (in Russian).
Shmalgauzen I. I. The Organism as a Whole in Individual and Historical Development. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1982. 383 p. (in Russian).
Schelchkova M. V., Struchkova L. K., Fedorov I. A. Heavy metals complex influence on enzymatic activity and effective fertility of the cryosolic meadow-chernozem soil. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University, 2010, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 16–21 (in Russian).
Ecology of Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhnij Novgorod, Izdatelstvo NNGASU, 2008. 530 p. (in Russian).
Eneström J., Andersson S., D'Hertefeldt T. Partitioning of genetic variation in the weedy clonal herb Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) in Sweden. Nordic J. of Botany, 2009, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 437–443.
Erofeeva E. A. Developmental stability of a leaf of Pisum sativum L. under the influence of formaldehyde in a wide range of doses. Russ. J. of Developmental Biology, 2012, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 259–263.
Erofeeva E. A. Hormesis and paradoxical effects of wheat seedling (Triticum aestivum L.) parameters upon exposure to different pollutants in a wide range of doses. Dose Response. 2014 а, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 121–135.
Erofeeva E. A. Dependence of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) seed reproduction indices on intensity of motor traffic pollution. Dose Response, 2014 b, vol. 12, no 4, pp. 540–550.
Erofeeva E. A. Hormesis and paradoxical effects of drooping birch (Betula pendula Roth) parameters under motor traffic pollution. Dose Response, 2015 а, vol. 13, no 2, pp. 1–12.
Erofeeva E. A. Dependence of guaiacol peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation rate in drooping birch (Betula pendula Roth) and tillet (Tilia cordata Mill.) leaf on motor traffic pollution intensity. Dose Response, 2015 b, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–6.
Olsson M. O., Falkengren-Grerup U. Potential nitrification as an indicator of preferential up-take of ammonium or nitrate by plants in an oak woodland understory. Annals of Botany, 2000, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 299–305.
Shalini V., Durbey R. S. Lead toxicity induces peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Science, 2003, vol. 164, no. 4, pp. 645–655.
