UDC: 
[599.6/.73:591.5](470+571)

Wild Ungulates of Russia: Trends of Their Population Dynamics

Abstract

According to a forecast of the specialists from “Centrokhotkontrol”, due to the natural climatic cyclicity, a recurrent reduction in the population of ungulates, the moose in particular, should occur in Russia from 2007 - 2010, which “will lead to a recurrent significant age minimum number” in the 2020s (in 2014 - 2015 in Central Russia). In reality, the abundance of the majority of species, including the moose, the European and Siberian roe deer, the red deer, the sika deer and the reindeer, has been steadily growing despite this “trophiclimatic” forecast. The decrease in the boar population is caused by the excessive destruction of the species due to the epizootic of African swine fever rather than by climatic changes. The populations of ungulates, however, increase unacceptably slowly (an annual growth of less than 3%), the available resources being about 5 times lower than the estimated potential. The main factors that inhibit the growth of populations are irrational legal and excessive illegal hunting and predation. The state hunting policy, the organization of hunting and resource management are still far from common sense. And all this does not guarantee the population of wild ungulates from new large-scale depressions.

References

Borisov B. P., Gibet L. A., Gubar Yu. P., Kukushkin M. A., Mosheva T. S., Nazarov A. A., Naumova A. A., Novikov B. V., Petrashov V. V., Paponov V. A., Tomilova T. P. Fond okhotnichikh ugodiy i chislennost osnovnykh vidov dikikh zhivotnykh v RSFSR (spravochnyye materialy) [Fund of hunting grounds and the number of main species of wild animals in the RSFSR (reference materials)]. Moscow, Glavnoye upravleniye okhotnichyego khozyaystva i zapovednikov pri Minselkhozprode RSFSR, 1992. 97 p. (in Russian).
Borisov B. P., Volodina O. A., Gubar Yu. P., Lomanova N. V., Mirutenko V. S., Mosheva T. S., Naumova A. A., Sidorov S. V., Yudina T. V. Sostoyaniye resursov okhotnichikh kopytnykh zhivotnykh, medvedey, sobolya, bobra, vydry i ikh dobycha v Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 2003 – 2008 gg. [The state of the resources of hunting ungulates, bears, sable, beaver, otter and their prey in the Russian Federation in 2003–2008]. Moscow, FGU Tsentrokhotkontrol, 2009, iss. 1. 96 p. (in Russian).
Weissman A. L. Poachers, poachers ... and he is so small. Russkiy okhotnichiy zhurnal, 2017, no. 5, pp. 16–20 (in Russian).
Glushkov V. M., Pankratov A. P. Electoral shooting as a management tool moose populations. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2014, iss. 2, pp. 101–108 (in Russian).
Gosudarstvennaya programmaVosproizvodstvo i ispolzovaniye prirodnykh resursov” [State Program “Reproduction and use of Natural Resources”]. Moscow, 2013. (in Russian).
Gubar Yu. P., Borisov B. P., Volodina O. A., Lomanov I. K., Lomanova N. V., Mezhnev A. P., Mirutenko V. S., Molotchaev A. V., Mosheva T. S., Naumova A. A., Paponov V. A., Sigolaeva E. A., Sidorov S. V., Tsarev S. A. Sostoyaniye resursov okhotnichikh zhivotnykh v Rossiyskoy Federat-sii v 2003 – 2007 gg. [Status of Resources Game Animals in Russian Federation 2003 – 2007. Information and analytical materials]. Game Animals of Russia (biology, protection, study of resources, rational use). Moscow, FGU Tsentrokhotkontrol, 2007, iss. 8. 164 p. (in Russian).
Danilkin A. A. Wild Ungulates in the Hunting Economy (Foundations of Resource Management). Moscow, GEOS Publ., 2006. 366 p. (in Russian).
Danilkin A. A. Population Dynamics of Wild Ungulates in Russia: Hypotheses, Factors, Patterns. Moscow, KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 2009. 310 p. (in Russian).
Danilkin A. A. The optimum number and rationing catch of wild ungulate animals in hunting economy: theory and practice. The Herald of Game Management, 2014. vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 63–73 (in Russian).
Danilkin A. A. Hunting, Game Management and Biodiversity. Moscow, KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 2016. 250 p. (in Russian).
Danilkin A. A. About the December Instructions of the President on the Issues of Protection, Reproduction and use of Fauna Objects. The Herald of Game Management, 2017 a. vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 15–21 (in Russian).
Danilkin A. A. Is There an Alternative Boars in the Hunting Grounds? (or how not to empty the treasury and hunting grounds). The Herald of Game Management, 2017 b. vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 61–73 (in Russian).
Danilkin A. A. Adaptive Resource Management of Game Animals: Whether it is in Russia, and under what Conditions?. The Herald of Game Management, 2017 c. vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 104–112 (in Russian).
Lomanov I. K. Zakonomernosti dinamiki chislennosti i razmeshcheniya naseleniya losya v evropeyskoy chasti Rossii [Patterns of the dynamics of the number and distribution of the moose population in the European part of Russia]. Moscow, TsNIL Okhotdepartamenta MSKhiP RF, 1995. 60 p. (in Russian). 
Lomanov I. K. Zaklyucheniye [Conclusion]. In: Resursy osnovnykh vidov okhotnichikh zhivotnykh i okhotnichi ugodia Rossii (19911995 gg.) [Resources of the main types of game animals and hunting areas of Russia (1991–1995)]. Moscow, TsNIL Okhotdepartamenta Minselkhozproda Rossii, 1996, pp. 215–217 (in Russian).
Lomanov I. K., Lomanova N. V. Elk (Alces alces L.). In: Resursy osnovnykh vidov okhotnichikh zhivotnykh i okhotnichi ugodia Rossii (1991 1995 gg.) [Resources of the main types of game animals and hunting areas of Russia (1991–1995)]. Moscow, TsNIL Okhotdepartamenta Minselkhozproda Rossii, 1996, pp. 3150 (in Russian).
Lomanov I. K., Borisov B. P., Volodina O. A., Gubar Yu. P., Lomanova N. V., Mezhnev A. P., Mezhneva O. P., Mirutenko V. S., Molochaev A. V., Mosheva T. S., Naumova A. A., Paponov V. A., Sigolaeva Ye. A., Sidorov S. V. State of the resources of game animals in the Russian Federation. Informational and analytical materials. Game Animals of Russia (Biology, Protection, Study of Resources, Rational use). Moscow, GU Tsentrokhotkontrol Publ., 2000 a, iss. 2. 131 p. (in Russian).
Lomanov I. K., Volodina O. A., Sigolaeva E. A. Comprehensive analysis of the state of re-sources game animals in the Russian Federation in 1999 and forecast up to 2005. Game Animals of Russia (Biology, Protection, Study of Resources, Rational use). Moscow, GU Tsentrokhotkontrol Publ., 2000 b, iss. 2, pp. 122–128 (in Russian). 
Lomanov I. K., Borisov B. P., Volodina O. A., Gubar Yu. P., Lomanova N. V., Mezhnev A. P., Mezhneva O. P., Mirutenko V. S., Molochaev A. V., Mosheva T. S., Naumova A. A., Paponov V. A., Sigolaeva Ye. A., Sidorov S. V. Status of the resources of game animals in the Russian Federation in 2000–2003. Information and analytical materials. Game Animals of Russia (biology, protection, study of resources, rational use). Moscow, GU Tsentrokhotkontrol Publ., 2004, iss. 6. 213 p. (in Russian).
Lomanova N. V., Borisov B. P., Volodina O. A., Gubar Yu. P., Lyapina M. G., Komissarov M. A., Mosheva T. S., Naumova A. A., Sidorov S. V., Tsarev S. A., Yudina T. V., Fokin S. Yu., Blokhin Yu. Yu., Zverev P. A., Kozlova M. V., Mezhnev A. P., Romanov Yu. M. Condition hunting resources in the Russian Federation in 2008–2010. Game Animals of Russia (Biology, Protection, Study of Resources, Rational use). Moscow, Fizicheskaya kultura Publ., 2011, iss. 9. 219 p. (in Russian).
Strategiya razvitiya okhotnichyego khozyaystva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii do 2030 goda [Development strategy for hunting in the Russian Federation until 2030]. Moscow, 2014. 14 p. (in Russian). 

стр. 357
Short text (in English): 
Full text (in Russian):