The vitality of 38 Tulipa gesneriana populations in the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories was monitored during four agricultural seasons (2013 - 2016). A significant variability of this parameter, correlated with certain geographical trends, is shown within the territory surveyed. Two population clusters were revealed, differing by oppositely directed responses to external factors. A similar variability character was also obtained from ordination of the studied cenopopulations using the average values of morphological traits by means of the principal component analysis.