Трансформация структуры нерестовых сообществ бесхвостых амфибий пойменных озёр долины р. Медведица (Саратовская область) в условиях многолетнего снижения водности
Проанализирована структура нерестовых таксоценозов бесхвостых амфибий в пяти пойменных озёрах в долине р. Медведица в 2009 - 2018 гг. В качестве модельных использовали два притеррасных озера (Лебяжье и Кóблово) и три озера центральной поймы (Садок, Кругленькое и Черепашье). Установлена деградация популяций трех наиболее многочисленных видов, снижение степени доминирования чесночницы обыкновенной. Деградации в большей степени подвержены виды с большей дистанцией нерестовых миграций - выраженность изменений последовательно убывает в ряду видов: Pelophylax ridibundus → Pelobates fuscus → Bombina bombina. Показатели структуры сообществ амфибий в притеррасных озёрах Лебяжье и Коблово были стабильны. На фоне малой водности и нестабильного гидрологического режима озёр центральной поймы с продолжительностью исследования пять и более лет были установлены три периода, характеризующих структуру нерестовых таксоценозов амфибий: стабильной структуры, резкого снижения доминирования и увеличения выравненности, увеличения вариабельности основных показателей структуры. В конце третьего периода, характеризующего структуру таксоценозов, отмечена некоторая стабилизация основных параметров при крайне низком уровне численности половозрелых особей всех видов амфибий. Высокий уровень весеннего половодья р. Медведица в 2018 г. определил начало выхода из аномально продолжительного периода малой водности нерестовых озёр в пойме (с 2009 по 2017 г.) и их функционирования в режиме временных водоёмов.. Произошедшее резкое увеличение водности пойменных озер и удлинения их гидропериода позволяет констатировать начало процесса восстановления численности популяций и структуры сообществ бесхвостых амфибий.
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